The Legal Forms Of Business - 2782 Words

Final Paper: Legal Forms of Business Samantha Simpfenderfer Cazenovia College When developing and establishing a business, a business owner must first consider what type of legal business that they would like to create and own. In the United States, businesses that vary in form are recognized and represented in court in varying ways. In some forms of business, the personal assets of the business owner are not protected, where in others, a business owner could never risk losing assets outside of their businesses. Of the various forms of businesses that can exist, five of the most popular forms are sole proprietorships, franchises, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations. Different businesses all around the†¦show more content†¦When one person owns, operates, and manages a business, they get to make all of the leadership decisions as they see fit, and for some, being their own boss, without having anyone to answer to is the only way that they can be successful. In addition to a variety of advantages, there are al so an assortment of downfalls associated with owning a sole proprietorship. First and foremost, the legal structure of â€Å"a sole proprietorship provides no protection for the founder against creditors of the business† (Harroch). This means that the business owner can easily be sued with absolutely no legal protection. One legal issue can potentially put a sole proprietorship out of businesses as the legal process is expensive and long lasting, and combining these two issues, very few sole proprietorships have the ability to withstand them. Others shy away from sole proprietorships because often times the startup costs of opening a business (like buying property and equipment) are too hefty for one person to invest all by themselves. Businesses could potentially be expensive to start, and if â€Å"capital is required from other investors† it will not be available from sole proprietors (Harroch). It is important to recognize that many large, nationwide, and valuab le businesses have found their roots

Character Analysis Of I Totally Funniest - 1408 Words

I Totally Funniest is written in the perspective of a middle school aged boy who has just qualified for the world’s funniest kid competition. This is not like a spelling bee or math competition, this is where kids show off how funny they can be for one million dollars. The author, James Patterson, has one over ten reader’s choice awards and has had some of his books become movies such as Along Came a Spider that starred Morgan Freeman. He has written other books including Women’s Murder Club, Maximum Ride, NYPD Red, Middle School, and Michael Bennett. Patterson is even involved in his family company called The Patterson Family Foundation that has given over $26 million to over twenty-five colleges/schools which helps children grasp the†¦show more content†¦Uncle Frankie is a very close person to Jamie due to him helping perfect Jamie’s comedy act and even once went to the yo-yo Olympics where he won gold. Stevie Smiley is the typical bully except that is Jamie’s cousin, but ends up being one of his body guards only for half of the million dollars. Max Weasley is Jamie’s manager that gives him a very vague introduction to the showbiz world and only cares about the money as well. There are several competitors in the competition from Ben Baccaro who is considered by many a ladies man, Grafton Maddox Bacardi uses Larry the Cable Guy jokes, Patricia Dowbrowski is also known as Chatty Patty, Rebecca and Rachel Klein who are identical twins, and Judy Nazemetz who is one of the nicest towards Jamie expect that she got a little close to him. Characters wouldn’t behave the way they do in the story if it weren’t for the settings because the settings depict how the character(s) is being presented in the story. In this book, there is an abounding amount of settings that play important roles in how the characters are feeling or what kind of actions they are displaying. The first setting takes places in a suburb of New York City called Long Beach where Jamie works at his Uncle’s restaurant and goes to Long Beach middle school where he is constantly being surrounded by fans. This is where he mostly practiced his comedy act and grabbed the attention of everyone in his little town when a terrible event happened to hisShow MoreRelatedCivilized, Sense And Sensibility, By Jane Austen1455 Words   |  6 Pagesdaughters wait passively while all the interesting men in the vicinity disappear on unexplained missions to London. In a modern story, the women would have demanded explanations. What gives Sense and Sensibility its tension and mystery are that the characters rarely say what they mean. There is great gossip within the women s sphere, but with men. The conversation loops back upon itself in excruciating underestimated, leaving the women to puzzle for weeks over what was or was not said. 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Brief of Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc(COST) Case Study

Question: A Case Study on Calgary Oil Shale Technologies Inc. Answer: Fireside chats: Fireside chats indicate the self-directed teams in the organization called Calgary Oil Shale Technologies (COST). COST is a subsidiary of an international oilfield service company. The organization supplies the data management and technology for enhancing oil recovery process in Alberta, Colorado and Utah. The main issue of the business is that there is a clash between labors and scientists. Hence, the organization has hired Algoma Howard for re-aligning the teamwork program in an effective manner. With the engagement of the enhanced teamwork plan, the organization has tried to resolve those management issues from the business (Ohtani et al. 2012). In this context, the fireside chats consist of operational meetings on the recent business issues. In the Fireside chats, the organization invited all employees for participating in the process. The higher management of the company believes that such meeting would facilitate them in diminishing the management issues from the business (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Algoma Howard has selected cafeteria for conducting the meeting with the employees. The meeting has been conducting at the late afternoon. The primary objective of the meeting was to provide a relaxed environment to employees for discussing their problems and unsolved issues in the work design. The discussion has been conducted through three stages such as follows: 1st Stage: At the initial stage, employees discuss their issues while dealing with other groups in the business. The prime issue of the organization is that the employees face challenges in cooperating with other groups (Beecham, Carroll and Noll 2012). 2nd Stage: In the second stage, the meeting focuses on the issues of the business. However, the team would not focus on any individual in the business. Rules of the engagement or the guideline have been provided at the 2nd stage of meeting in the business. 3rd Stage: At the final stage, the meeting has discussed the issues involved in all level. The problem solving discussion has facilitated the organization to identify the key developing issues in the business. Moreover, the Fireside chats have involved employees for obtaining information about their daily work challenges (Turner 2014). Problem busting teams: Problem busting teams was another team dealing with the business related issues in an effective manner. It was the next process to Fireside chats, and it had engaged the temporary teams. It was dependent on the problem identified in fireside chats in the business. The organization has recruited the special purpose team to conduct the process in an effective manner (Grunig 2013). COST engages the team members of the 3 functional areas and different hierarchies. In the problem busting teams, one leader has been assigned for better team building. In this segment, the teams were disbanded when the problem was resolved. It also consists of three primary stages as follows: 4th stage: In the 4th stage, the problem-Busting teams discontent while sharing decision-making and the responsibility with the ground level employees in the business. 5th Stage: In the 5th stage, the leader needed to evaluate the issues and challenges to enhance commitment within the group. With the involvement of the leaders engagement, the problem busting teams evaluate the challenges out of the business to enhance the work design in the organization (Kerzner 2013). 6th Stage: In this stage, the team came together to focus on some chronic issues in the business. With the involvement of introducing this team effort, the problem-busting team has experienced the success in the work process. 7th stage: In the final stage, problem-busting teams have been organized in permanent cross-functional teams. Several cross-functional teams organized the entire workforce. Through the engagement of the cross-functional team, the organization includes the different expertise from several fields such as finance, marketing, human resources and operations (Menz 2012). It involves the employees from all level of the business. With the involvement of the cross-functional teamwork, the organization has identified the key issues in the business. The prime problem is that there was a clashing between the scientist and the labors in the business process. Hence, the cross-functional team efforts have tried to diminish the clashing between the upper management team and labors (Majchrzak, More and Faraj 2012). It can be assessed that the fireside chats are the informal teams consists of employees from the same hierarchical level. On the other hand, the problem-busting team has been a special project team designed outside of the formal organizational structure. The problem-busting team has taken up the case of special or urgent projects for facilitating the operational department to uphold a healthy work design at the workplace. The fireside chat teams developed through several stages including storming, forming and performing stages. The fireside teams conduct the informal meetings for resolving the personal matters of group members (Ghobadi and D'Ambra 2012). On the other hand, the problem-busting teams have conducted same stages more quickly, as the team consists of skilled professionals of the business. Cross-functional team efforts have facilitated the organization with some competitive advantages. For example, the organization experiences the enhanced productivity in the business thro ugh the implementing of the cross-functional team effectiveness. By analyzing the Tuckmans model of teamwork, it can be assessed that the no team starts off fully formed and functioning (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Consequently, teams grow through clearly identified stages. In this context, Debrito had tried to build cross-functional teams through a continuous development process for obtaining enhanced performance from the business. Moreover, the Truckmans teamwork theory indicates that the teamwork must be executed by considering a different aspect of the businesss situation (Belbin 2012). In this context, Debrito has played the socio-emotional role in the success of the team-based activities. Debrito was a long-time COST employee who was highly respected at the Alberta office. Moreover, Carlos Debrito was looking forward to making changes in the business before his retirement. Carlos has been engaged in the business for more than 26 years, and he has worked in every department in the organization. With the huge experiences in the business, Debrito has utilized his vast knowledge to encourage team members in an effective manner. In this context, Carlos has facilitated to resolve the disagreement in the business process management. Moreover, Carlos Debrito has facilitated the organization to harmonize the group by reducing tensions, support, and follow teams best ideas (Shin et al. 2012). Debrito has focused on the Socio-emotional development in the business. Consequently, the team members of COST have successfully understood the importance of team management on the org anizational success. Debritos role had indicated the contingency leadership approaches. As per the contingency leadership theory, the leadership style should be based on some particular situations that identify certain people performing at their maximum level (Klarner et al. 2013). As Carlos Debrito had multi-skilled, he played a dual role at Alberta. The prime objective of Carlos was to accumulate the ideas from the team members for implementing changes in the business. Moreover, he motivated the team members by influencing them in a different manner. He performed the socio-emotional role in the business, and he has supported the team members emotional requirements by participating with them in several recreational activities and sports activity such as hockey games (Scarborough 2012). Hence, it can be assessed that Debrito has balanced the teams technical requirement with human interaction challenges, meeting both socio-emotional needs and task. Debrito has employed interactive leadership and utilized the participating style contingency approach. The leadership style of Debrito is characterized by several values including inclusion, collaboration, and relationship building and caring. In this form of leadership style, Debrito has motivated the employees in the business. Most of the time, Debrito has provided adequate opportunities to the leaders of the individual team for sharing their ideas. Consequently, different business ideas have facilitated Debrito to resolve the business issues in an effective manner. Debrito has believed in the participative leadership where employees obtain opportunity to share their feedbacks and ideas to enhance the work design in an appropriate manner. Under his leadership trait, leaders have shared their suggestions to the subordinates for enhancing the business opportunities (Weske 2012). Moreover, it has provided adequate opportunity to the group several chances to participate and facilitate in the decision-making process. On the other hand, Debrito has employed a collaborating style for reducing conflict between professionals and labors. Debrito has utilized the combination of high degree of cooperativeness and a higher degree of assertiveness. It was required to obtain success and commitment in the business. Yes, I agree with the fact if Algoma Howard just had a Debrito in Colorado, the project would be succeeded in an effective manner. Debrito was one of the key people for structuring the horizontal team in the business. Moreover, he was responsible for building up the horizontal team that made up of employees from same hierarchical level (Jeston and Nelis 2014). However, he built up the team with a different level of expertise who has provided adequate supports for enhancing the business in an effective manner. By collaborating with Debrito, Algoma Howard has implemented the required changes in the business. Although Carlos Debrito might help in obtaining the team success, there was no guarantee that presence of Debrito would surely bring success in the business. Debrito had 26 years of experience that has helped the organization to enhance the productivity in an appropriate manner. Huge experiences have facilitated Debrito in dealing with laborers and the professionals. On the other h and, Debrito had earned trust through working several years in the business. Hence, it can be assessed if Howard could identify such a person like Colorado, she would be able to proceed further in the process. Nevertheless, the organization may consist of several factors that might create difficulties for the company to execute the teamwork in an effective manner (Hooper and Newlands 2012). The prime difference between Alberta and Colorado were that the process of Alberta was imposed on the people in Colorado, whereas in Alberta, the team possesses naturally guidance from Howard and Debrito. The imposition of others success indicated the significant cause of resentment among staffs and workers at the Colorado facility. Hence, it can be assessed that Algoma Howard will need to establish cooperation and a renewal of trust among Colorado facility. On the other hand, Algoma Howard will need to establish its methods for addressing and solving different business challenges. Changes in the organization do not indicate the process of forcible execution. Changes can be executed in the following manner. 1st Step: employees should have to make the realistic discussion with the top management in the business. The particular process ensures them that Howards team will make their best possible business approaches to resolving the team management issues. Employees do not need to be time-pressured. The realistic discussion facilitates employees in sharing their individual feedback to the higher management of the business. 2nd Step: There was a need of worker like Debrito to diminish the team collision at Colorado. With the involvement of worker like Debrito, Howard could ensure healthy work environment at the organization. Debrito had 26 years of work experience in the same organizations, and he had utilized his knowledge on improving employees perception towards different types of business challenges. Hence, it can be assessed that the Howards team could gain recognition in an effective manner through the involvement of the worker like Debrito. Debrito has accumulated several feedback and ideas from leaders in the business. Consequently, it has contributed in identifying the key development areas at the organization. 3rd Step: Howard could employ the new process where employee obtains several opportunity for making irregular attendance at the fire chats. Compulsory attendance could refuse the purpose of collaborative problem solving and voluntary. Collaborative problem solving is one of the major factors for diminishing the business issues in an effective manner. With the involvement of the collaborative team efforts, organization could able to understand the key challenges in the business. Voluntary method and collaborative problem solving approaches could facilitate Howard to diminish the managerial issues from the business. 4th step: Howard could include the enhanced monitoring system in order to identify the key issues in the business in an effective manner. With the involvement of the enhanced monitoring system, COST could evaluate the key areas for development. Howard could gather information from the higher management about the challenges in daily work life. Implementation of Cross-functional teams- Cross-functional team effort was majorly success in the Alberta it has facilitated Debrito to understand the work-life challenges at the organization. With the involvement of the cross-functional teams effort, Algoma Howard could obtain positive outcome from the business. In this context, Howards team felt extreme pressure from the top management and they were unable to provide enhanced performance in the business. The top executives thought that implementation of the cross-functional teams would become the less costly and time-consuming process. Consequently, it would be a greater solution for obtaining a positive solution out of the business. Building problem-busting team: Howard thought that the employees should have the opportunity to select their leaders for teams. Problem busting team would solve the issues quickly, and it would make easier for the business enhancement in a particular process. Although the problem-busting team had shown quick responses for solving business challenges, they showed less commitment and enthusiasm in diminishing the team managing issues. Through the engagement of the problem-busting team leaders, the employees could be able to share their individual feedbacks and ideas on business process enhancement. On the other hand, the problem-busting team resolved the business challenges with the quick effect that ensured the enhancement of the productivity. References: Beecham, S., Carroll, N. and Noll, J., 2012, August. A decision support system for global team management: Expert evaluation. InGlobal Software Engineering Workshops (ICGSEW), 2012 IEEE Seventh International Conference on(pp. 12-17). IEEE. Belbin, R.M., 2012.Team roles at work. Routledge. Ghobadi, S. and D'Ambra, J., 2012. Knowledge sharing in cross-functional teams: a coopetitive model.Journal of Knowledge Management,16(2), pp.285-301. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hooper, M.J. and Newlands, D. eds., 2012.The global business handbook: The eight dimensions of international management. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Klarner, P., Sarstedt, M., Hoeck, M. and Ringle, C.M., 2013. Disentangling the effects of team competences, team adaptability, and client communication on the performance of management consulting teams.Long Range Planning,46(3), pp.258-286. Majchrzak, A., More, P.H. and Faraj, S., 2012. Transcending knowledge differences in cross-functional teams.Organization Science,23(4), pp.951-970. Menz, M., 2012. Functional Top Management Team Members A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.45-80. Ohtani, J., Hoffman, W.Y., Vargervik, K. and Oberoi, S., 2012. Team management and treatment outcomes for patients with hemifacial microsomia.American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,141(4), pp.S74-S81. Scarborough, N.M., 2012. Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management.Instructor. Shin, S.J., Kim, T.Y., Lee, J.Y. and Bian, L., 2012. Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), pp.197-212. Turner, J.R., 2014.The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). McGraw-hill. Weske, M., 2012.Business process management: concepts, languages, architectures. Springer Science Business Media.

Interpretations of American History free essay sample

History is successful when it tells you how things where, the only thing that could take you there was the imagination, but now, with all the technology that we have, we even can make a picture or a sketch of how the things were. asing on the things that had been found also. One of the things that the historians did, they constantly criticize, correct and supplement other historian point of view, they get closer to the truth arguing with one another. Historiography reminds you that history is not a closed book, is a reminder that there is always something to argue in history, it make us think or see what was before everything, the changes that have been in the growth of America, politics changes, racial justice, sex, differences in the society, education, labor. There has been a notorious change or evolution on how America has change. There are four stages in which the writing of American history has passed: the providential, the rationalist, the nationalist and the professional. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpretations of American History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The providential history in the United States from the seventeenth and eighteenth, ministers and magistrates and wrote a made of form of providential history. The puritans who settled in the United States believed that they were chosen by god that led to the form of their history to a holy chronicle one. Puritans used this form of writing for all men anybody that believed in god. The rationalism, they were very different with the providential because they didnt believed that they were only chosen by god, they believed that opinions or actions should act on reason and knowledge not on their religious belief. They were ruled by the natural law was the idea of Newton, Locke, and the French philosophers (p. 75). The rationalist Jimenez 3 historians were the educated class in the colonies, the new story they told was of progress and reason. most of the historians of the eighteenth century were layer-politicians, planter-aristocrats, merchants or professionals. Tomas Jefferson was influenced by this movement and later on write a book named Notes on the State of Virginia in 1785. This book allow to men to discover and pursue their destiny and believed that they were free. After that, no one was free from slavery. This proves that the history during the rationalism the politicians only tells you what you want to hear, like right now it happens the same, everything was and is only about wealth, power, rights. In nationalist history changed the fact that in this stage the women contributed and argue in theirs perspectives or points of view. istorians of women rewrote the story of America from the beginning to the recent past. They did not give women a place in the existing narratives, they just reconceived whole fields of history. Their high opinion on distinguish scientifically and prove the truth from a romantic notion. In this time we can see through what has passed American History and learned about the different changes that our history has had, and also this has help to have America Jimenez 4 how is it now. Right now we see the thing different, for example, women can vote, women can do a lot more things that they couldnt in the past, there is no slavery, everyone is free and follow their dreams and conquer their goals and thats a big change.

The Importance of Flannery OConnors Writing free essay sample

An examination of the writing and contribution to literature made by Southern Catholic American author, Flannery OConnor. The paper shows that Flannery OConnor has been acclaimed as well as criticized for merging comedy with brutality and tragedy through her literary work. Although her literary legacy is comprised of only 31 tales, 2 novels and a few letters and speeches, what has distinguished her from other writers is her ability to promote the Souths identity and provoke examination of Christian dogma. This paper answers her critics and illustrates her substantial contribution to literature, particularly Christian literature. Her work also concentrated on the degenerating South and its condemned citizens (http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/flannery.html, 1). OConnor believed that the essence of the South is derived from a fount of faith and attributes absorbed from the scriptures and from her own history of defeat and violation: a distrust of the abstract, a sense of human dependence on the grace of God, and a knowledge that evil is not simply a problem to be solved, but a mystery to be endured. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Flannery OConnors Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page OConnor wished to portray the dualism involved in comparisons of grace and nature, the human and the God-like, the corporeal world and Heaven, the spirit/soul and the body all competing components of Southern religion (Collum, 1995, 1). She presented a different perspective on Catholicism and the South, that no other writer had conveyed previously and which many writers afterwards sought to follow.

Unnatural Exposure essays

Unnatural Exposure essays The book I choose to read was Unnatural Exposure. This book is written by Patricia Cornwell. Patricia Cornwell writes books about forensic science. I love these books. This book has to be my favorite though. What I like about this novel is that every part makes you want to read more and more. The book keeps you interested on all levels and you never get board. It is an easy book to read also if you enjoy forensic science, killers, mystery and sneaky bits of relationships in between. The author writes this novel in great detail throughout the whole book. The suspense level is at a high the whole time in the novel. My advice for the author is keep on writing these books. You have a wonderful talent that makes me want to read. This story takes place in Richmond, Virginia. An example is pg. 1 In Richmond Virginia it would be 5 hours ahead and much colder This story takes place in the present day. You can prove this fact because of all the procedures Kay Scarpetta (main character) uses. The setting in the story is dark and eerie. But this is needed in order to go with the forensic part. The book starts off with Kay Scarpetta in Dublin on a previous mission. She flys into Richmond because her partner Pete Marino had called her and said that there had been a murder that they needed her help with. It turns out that the murder victim had been dismembered, arms, legs, hands, feet and face in a garbage bag in a landfill site in Richmond. When the forensic unit takes in the body for an autopsy they find out that the body is a elderly women. When Scarpetta get home she is greeted buy Marino. Candle light dinner, red wine and soothing music. For a while now Scarpetta and her partner have been real partners. The next day Kay goes back to work and finds out that the women had lived on a small island close to Richmond. She goes to the town and asks everyone about the elderly lady. The people know who Kay is talking about...

Economics of Border Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Border Security - Essay Example After the implementation, while President Clinton claimed that an economically stronger Mexico was to the benefit of America, the workers found there were fewer jobs, and that they were paid less. Fears of Globalization: In the U.S. certain sectors of industry like the textile industry have been protected, and have got used to this protection. It is these industries that fear the impact of globalization. Conclusion: NAFTA and the European Union are examples of increasing cooperation between nations. This increased cooperation means that economic issues would cease to be an area of concern for border security. The issue of Border security has been a concern for some time in many countries around the world. The threat of cross border terrorism has created an added dimension to these concerns. Security of the border has economic implications in addition. A component of this concern is the entry of people across the porous borders. In the case of the U.S., the major concern has been over people crossing the border from Mexico seeking economic benefits. Such movement of people across the northern border with Canada has not been an area of concern. This is because there is less economic disparity between the two nations. For that same reason, few people cross the border illegally from the U.S. into Canada. Prior to the September 11 terrorist attacks, terrorism did not have a major impact on border security. Border security was made an explicit topic in the U.S. in the report from the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks in 2004, and among other things, it was stated that â€Å"restrictions on crossing US international borders are unlikely to be eased soon and may well be made stricter† (The US 9/11 Commission on Border Control, 2004, Para. 1). Findings of the report were also that in the decade preceding the 9-11 attacks, border security was not seen as a national security issue. The

Network technologies and system administration Assignment

Network technologies and system administration - Assignment Example Transmission media is very important in the transmission of signals. For the transmission of the signal copper wires are being in utilization for many years however, as the technology regarding the transmission media developed, wireless technologies got the importance as wireless technologies require less management and lack the burden of wires. In a wired transmission system, digital signals are utilized in the transmission, where various voltage levels are considered to be binary zero and binary one (Omega.com, np). The signal is then transmitted to the copper wire as the voltage signals and a reference voltage is also transmitted. At the other side the transmitted signal is received and the reference voltage signal is created and thus the wired transmission and reception system works. In wired communication twisted pair, coaxial cable and optic fiber cables are utilized. However, optic fiber cable does not come in the category of copper wire and signal is transmitted in the form o f light. The major problem that arises in the transmission of signal through the wired medium is that the copper wires are much influenced by the electromagnetic energy and thus a distorted signal is received due to the interference of the electromagnetic radiations. These electromagnetic radiations are produced by the electrical appliances and transmission lines near the signal wire. This type of problem is more in twisted pair cable as compared to the coaxial cable. However, the twists in the cable help minimize the interference. Another problem with the wired transmission is the difficulty in the management and detection of problem (Polenin, np). There is a need to replace the whole cable if a little defect in the cable arises like small cuts, etc. In order to eliminate the problems of the electromagnetic interference, a pair cable is twisted to reduce the interference. Boosters are utilized at after some fair distances to recover the distorted signals to the original signals. Bo osters also amplify the signals to the desired amplification. In the coaxial cable, metal shielding prevents the loss of the signal and avoids electromagnetic interference. However, the outer insulation is such made to prevent environmental damage and the preventions against cuts, etc. Ethernet is a part of computer networking technology for local area network which is commercially started in 1980. It is consisted of IEE 802.3, LAN technology. In the OSI orientation arrangement, Ethernet is at the data link layer. Ethernet distributes a flow of information through packets which, are known as frames. Each frame consists of source and destination dresses and error checking data so that damaged data can be easily identified and rebroadcasted (Pidgeon, np). As we have discussed data packet on the wire is known as a frame. A frame initiates with the preamble and start frame delimiter. First advantage is that it is conceptually it is simple like it has coax cable and T adapters and no hub s, transceivers and other devices. It is less price device. There is a high level of noise immunity. Disadvantages are Ethernet is difficult to change. Its configurations are not edited easily. If any device or cable section fails, is demolishes the entire network. Ethernet frame is also called as Ethernet link. In the frame structure, octets are distributed to make the Ethernet do its job in a right way. For example, the frame allocated seven octets to the Preamble from 10101010, preamble have the responsibility to synchronize clocks or receiver and sender. For addresses, all adapters receive the frame on LAN at 6 byte. The frame structure type is utilized to identify the higher layer protocol. At receiver, frame is checked for error, if there is any errors present the frame dropped. The MAC Destination takes about 6 octets, MAC source takes about 6 octets, payload takes octets from the rage of 45 to 1500 and inter-frame gap takes about 12 octets. An

Write choose topic but lets me konw asap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Write choose topic but lets me konw asap - Essay Example I sincerely thank to participants who responded to the study besides my family and friends who also boosted my confidence in taking up the study. Objective: The objective of the study was to define the issues related with cultural diversity. This study will describe about the problems as well as benefits faced by Marks & Spencer (M&S) in Wu Han. The study also defined the culture of Wu Han where M&S wishes to expand its operations. Methodology: In this study, research was conducted by implementing the mixed approach. Accordingly, both qualitative and quantitative data were used for the purpose of the study, taking into account the literature review method and the questionnaire survey tool to gather information. This research method helps to generate accurate and possible outcome from the research. Finding: From the research, it was identified that various factors of cultural diversity play a vital role for M&S in Wu Han. Employee problems are the most important thus, which imposes significant impact on the work environment in M&S in Wu Han. Conclusion: In this paper, the problems related with cultural diversity, was found to impose a strong effect on work environment, which could have minimized with the proper management strategy. Employee motivation and making employees flexible for any kind of changes in work are very important. The findings thus highlighted a number of benefits, which enhanced the responsibilities of employees and improved serviceability for M&S. Marks & Spencer’s, also known as M&S, is a multinational retailer company that specializes in dealing with multiple products and services (1Marks and Spencer plc, 2015). M&S is headquartered in London with its subsidiary retail chains scattered across the globe. M&S was established in the year 1884 and later transformed itself from a single market shop to multiple-chain retail store (3Marks and Spencer plc, 2015). Products and services sold by M&S were widely accepted across the

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder was previously known as manic depression as it causes moods to shift between mania and depression. It may also be classified as a biological brain disorder causing severe fluctuations in mood, energy, thinking and behaviour. This disorder results in frequent anxiety and low frustration level in the young people (CABF 2007). Depression, in this situation, means a situation where you feel very low while mania would refer to a situation where you feel very high (NHS 2009). Sometimes, symptoms of mania and depression can also occur simultaneously (CABF 2007). These episodes can last for several weeks or longer. The high and low phases of the illness are often so extreme that they interfere with everyday life (NHS 2009). In bipolar disorder, the depression phase often comes first. One can be diagnosed with clinical depression before having a manic episode. The manic episodes usually take place after some time, after which the diagnosis might change. These episodes of depression may lead to overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, which often lead to thoughts of suicide. The manic phase may make you feel very creative and view mania as a positive experience. This is the time when you may also have symptoms of psychosis. During this phase you may feel very happy and have lots of ambitions, plans and ideas. Lack of sleep and appetite are other also common characteristics of bipolar disorder (NHS 2009). People with bipolar disorder fluctuate between intense depression and mania, interspersed by periods of relative calm (Macnair 2008). The causes of bipolar disorder arent completely known, but are often hereditary. A cluster of factors both genetic and environmental, such as personal traumas or stress, can highly influence systems. The initial manic or depressive episodes of bipolar disorder usually take place early in the teenage years or early adulthood (Macnair 2008) At least half of all cases start before age 25 (Kessler et al., 2005). The symptoms of the disorder can be fairly subtle and may result in being overlooked or misdiagnosed. This could result in unnecessary suffering while on the other hand, with proper treatment and support; a fulfilling life can be lived (Macnair 2008). In severe forms of mania, there are chances of a person becoming psychotic, with delusions. There is a conflict in perception and reality and there may be hallucinations and delusional beliefs about being persecuted. In some of the worst cases, people in mania become unintelligible and neglect themselves. The symptoms have varying patterns, frequencies and order. While in some case, where symptoms of mania are followed by symptoms of depression in a predictable pattern, some people have mixed symptoms its possible to have many of the symptoms of mania and also suffer from severely depressive thoughts (Bhugra and Flick, 2005). Although theres no cure for bipolar disorder, many people find that an understanding of their illness and what triggers episodes can help them live a relatively normal life Macnair 2008). Patients could monitor their moods and thoughts and ask someone they trust to help them cope with the disorder. But, sometimes some people have extreme mood swings that cant be managed by monitoring alone. There may be a need for antidepressants, antipsychotic medication, drug lithium, which seem to stabilise mood swings. High level of lithium in blood can be poisonous while too little will have no effect. So, its important to be seen regularly by the mental health team and have the blood levels checked (Smith et al., 2009). Johns Condition John had a bipolar disorder with first episode happening when he was 19. At 28, John had evidently had manic episodes, as he had been known to contact his colleagues and clients at odd hours to discuss novel ideas. He kept enthusing about his designs being imaginative and original. At the workplace, clients and colleagues would complain about Johns unprofessional behaviour suggesting a lack of understanding on the part of his workplace. Johns denial of his illness further aggravated his situation. John had already quit two excellent jobs because of his condition. Johns younger brother, Michael, managed to get John back to his consultant psychiatrist and pushed him to take his medicines regularly. With continuous support from his brother, John started responding well to the treatment. Although medication seemed to have positive effect on John, he would give up the medicines as soon he started feeling better. This resulted in relapses and repeated episodes. And unlike ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar disorder are so intense that they interfere with the patients ability to function (Smith et al., 2009). John did not participate actively in social activities making it difficult for others to recognize his needs. John could not focus on his work due to his medical condition being too unstable. John was not offered any job at the five places he had applied despite an impressive CV. This was due to the fact that John had mentioned his illness on all the forms raising doubts in Johns mind about disclosing his illness until it was specifically stressed upon. Work labelling and stereotyping Theory of stigma Stigma is the difference between the virtual social identity and the real social identity. Stigma has three forms, which can be characterised as external, personal and tribal. The first form of stigma relates to external or overt deformations like scars, leprosy, physical disability and social disability. The second form relates to deviations in personal traits, including mental illness, drug addiction, alcoholism and criminal backgrounds. The third form, tribal stigmas, are imagined or real traits of ethnic groups, nationalities or religions that are deemed to constitute a deviation from what is perceived as to be the prevailing ethnicity, nationality or religion (Geoffman 1963). eoffman (1963) also went on to describe 3 levels of deviance. He described them as primary, secondary and tertiary deviances. Primary deviance would refer to original violation/deviance/and societal reaction to this non-conformity to societal norms. The secondary deviance is the deviants reaction to the negative societal reaction and the tertiary deviance is the reaction of the stigmatised person to the stigma from other leads to master status. The secondary deviant attempts to re-label certain behaviours as normal rather than deviant. This is an attempt to create a label that overshadows all other characteristics. The stigmatised person is seen as inferior by others and seen as having a perpetually flawed social identity and is thus discriminated. The stigmatised individual might also have additional imperfections imputed to them on the basis of the original stigmata thus creating stereotypes (Geoffman 1963). Stigma can also be differentiated as felt and enacted. The felt stigma is the condition where one feels the shame of being identified with a discrediting condition and the fear of encountering enacted stigma. Enacted stigma is the actual episode of discrimination, both formal and informal against people with stigmata solely on the grounds of their having a stigmatising condition (Scambler 2004). Scrambler (2004) through the Hidden Distress Model highlighted that people with a stigmata are fearful of experiencing enacted stigma and pursue an active policy of non-disclosure. The stigma has a far more disruptive effect on their lives as this also increases the stress of managing their disorder. The socio-cultural values can be viable in influencing the level of felt and enacted stigma. According to Geoffmanns (1963) classification of stigma, John fell in the second form due to hid bipolar disorder. As stated by Geoffmann (1963), John was ill treated and faced discrimination, which is quite evident from the behaviour of his clients and colleagues at work. Sociology of Health and Illness The sociology of health and illness argues that socio-cultural factors influence peoples perceptions and experiences of health and illness, which cannot be presumed to be simply relations to physical bodily changes (Nettleton 2006). Defining Health and Disease In the constitution of WHO established nearly half a century ago, health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Saracci 1997). Temple et. al., in 2001 proposed a definition of disease though the approach did little to improve on previous attempts. They defined disease as a state that places individuals at increased risk of adverse consequences. Adopting this definition, every activity involving voluntary action carry a risk of adverse consequences. The problem with the concept of health and disease is that it is associated with social concepts such as normality and abnormality, normality and abnormality being relative terms. In common parlance, disease means a deviation from the established norm, consequently abnormal, with connotations of weirdness, strangeness, repulsiveness, viciousness, sickness, derangement, impairment, and disorder (Landy 1977). Conditions may be characterised as normal or abnormal based on the arbitrary diagnostic criteria as in most common diseases like diabetes, hypertension, etc. A condition is considered to be normal if it is prevalent amongst the population largely. But this issue seems to be complicated by the question of medicalization versus criminalization of abnormal social behaviour (Rosen 1968 and Foucalt 1972). Often the clinicians diagnosis is influenced by social views on mental diseases. In cases where mental disorders are involved, judging a sick person is to be avoided at all costs. Instead, the situation and the effects of the disease should be judged (Scheff 1979). The patient is worried with his own private and particular condition, while the doctor tries to make a diagnosis in the same way a zoologist or a botanist does with a specimen under the microscope: to weight individual variances against general signals and symptoms that agree with those of a recognized category of disease (de Avila Pires 2008). Failure to Recognize Mental States and Provide Required Support Radley (1994) reported that it was very difficult to live with illness in todays world where health is more than meeting the demands of specific tasks or fulfilling particular duties. Mental disorders may lead to the patient becoming socially isolated as was seen in Johns case. Figure 1. The patient suffering from chronic illness faces various modes of adjustment. (Figure adapted from Radley and Green 1985, cited in Radley 1994) According to the modes of adjustment to the chronic illness put forward by Radley and Green in 1985 (cited in Radley 1994) John was in the phase of active denial. He resisted the illness symptoms and participated in the normal life, treating his illness as of little importance. Even his colleagues failed to recognize his condition and complained calling Johns behaviour unprofessional. Factors that Pushed John to Seek Medical Help Despite Johns being a talented architect, he had already quit two good jobs. The reasons attributed to this may be an atmosphere of discriminative behaviour in the workplace. John had developed a stage of Bipolar disorder where regular attacks of mania took place. He might also have developed psychosis suggested by the novel ideas and strange behaviour. Johns brother, Michael actually got John to go back to the medicines. He tried to know what had happened and made sure John took his medicines regularly. Michael also managed to get John back to his consultant psychiatrist. So, it may be perceived that it was support of his brother, family support coupled with a discriminative behaviour at the workplace that pushed John to medications. Social Inequalities Disability and social inequality go hand in hand. The proof is well documented and evident in socio-economic circumstances (Nettleton 2006). Disabled people face many problems in their working life. In certain cases like accidents, a person may loose his value overnight while as, in case of recurrent illnesses, the patient goes through a gradual downfall Blaxter 1976). Lack of support from other people (family, friends, colleagues) often aggravates the medical condition of the patient (Radley 2004). Johns medical condition became a cause of concern for his employers and clients alike. He had to quit two jobs to cope with the situation. Despite having experience and impressive CV, John was not able to get a job at any of the five places he had applied to. Evidently, his revealing his bipolar disorder would have put his future employers on alert and thus the discrimination. Instead, of understanding Johns condition and helping him overcome his disability he was rejected every time. Community Care The World Health Organization recognizes primary health care to be effective in preventing illness. There has been a shift from primary health care to community care and this shift could be a result of three factors therapeutic, economic and reforms in the medical model (Busfield 1986, cited in Nettleton 2006). The entire concept of community care relies on the priority being given to the patient and not the disease. Social perceptions about the disability or the disabled, plays an important role in community-based rehabilitation. The term community care is used both in a perspective sense to related to how people should meet the health and social needs of the dependent people and also a description of the set of services that are currently provided (Stevenson 2008). Many people often object to being referred to as disabled. It leads to the segregation and often discrimination (Blaxter 1976). As was seen in Johns case, despite being an impressive architect he was refused job at five places, which he thought was because of him disclosing his bipolar disorder. The local authorities along with voluntary bodies are responsible for looking after the social needs of a disabled. This concept is based on the fact that community has to be involved in deciding the social needs of a disabled member and then making sure that those needs are taken care of in local conditions (Blaxter 1976). Michael, Johns brother played a major role in Johns rehabilitation. He understood his needs and convinced him to see his doctor. As is the concept of community care, Michael gave priority to his brother and his needs rather than his disease. The same cannot be said about his colleagues or his clients. Instead of understanding Johns special needs, they deemed him unfit to work with them. Cognitive Therapy of Depression Beck et al., (1979) defined cognitive therapy as an active, directive, time-limited, structured approach used to treat various mental disorders. The rationale behind this definition is based on how a disabled person perceives and structures the world. His previous experiences and relation with other people affect his cognitions. For example, if a person interprets all his experiences in terms of whether he is competent or adequate, his thinking might be dominated by the schema, Unless I do everything perfectly, I am a failure. In such case he would react to all situations in terms of his competence even if those situations were not related to his competence in any way. Johns getting rejected at five interviews, despite of an impressive CV, made him feel disadvantaged. He thought it was due to his mental disorder. These inequalities made him want to conceal his illness and not reveal it unless it was specifically asked about. Chronic Illness People experience serious chronic illness in three ways: as an interruption of their lives, as an intrusive illness, and as immersion in illness. Rather, from their perspectives, illness disrupts their lives; it intrudes upon the day-frequently each day; it engulfs them (Charmaz 1997). Johns illness was an interruption in his life. He had to quit two jobs because of his illness and was further rejected a job at another five places due to his illness. Parsons Sick Role Theory According to Parson (1951), sickness is not merely a condition or a state of fact, it is rather a specifically patterned social role. The sick people have the right to be exempted from the normal social role. They cannot be blamed for their medical condition and have to be taken care of. On the other hand, they are expected to seek professional guidance and show a willingness to get well. The disabled people are either vulnerable and are often exploited by others or they may adopt deviance to evade responsibilities and can prove to be threat to the society. John was vulnerable. He tried to get well and used to take medication as well, but his colleagues blamed him for his condition. They often complained against him. Moreover, after quitting his job, he could not get another job due to his disability. Zolas Theory According to Zola (1973, cited in Scambler 2008) most of the patients would over look their symptoms for quite some time before consulting a doctor. He also found that there had to be something else a trigger apart from the symptoms to convince patients to seek medical intervention. The characterised five types of triggers First, the occurrence of an interpersonal crisis (e.g., death in the family), second, perceived interference with social or personal relations, third, sanctioning (pressure from others to consult), fourth, perceived interference with vocalization or physical activity, and fifth, a kind of temporalizing of symptomatology (the setting of deadline). Moreover, patients personal and social circumstances also affect the patients decision to seek help. Applying Zolas theory to Johns case, one would realize that John did overlook his symptoms. He used to deny his illness and stop his medication as soon as he felt better. It was sanctioning (pressure from his brother Michael) that acted as a trigger and convinced him to consult his psychiatrist and start his medication again. Conclusion A certain medical condition or disability refers to be presented with problems and face problems earning ones living or any other day to day activities. Many disabled people find it hard or lack the willingness to participate in the social activities. They isolate themselves from the society and in certain cases from family as well. But constant support from family and friends coupled with proper medication can help the patient recover and rise above his disability (Blaxter 1976). Bipolar disorder being a chronic mental disorder has serious consequences on patients in particular and their families and societies in general. Effective treatment for bipolar disorder is available, but patients often hesitate to report their condition due to various social, economic and personal barriers. Patients often go into self-denial and try to remain away from social activities. There are two ways of caring for the bipolar disordered person; one, primary healthcare, that is consulting a general physician or a psychiatrist and second being community care. Concerted efforts on all levels (patient, family, community, healthcare provider and government) are required to improve the quality of care among the bipolar community (Bhugra and Flick, 2005). Apart from the professional help, self-help can greatly improve the condition of a person with bipolar disorder. The patient should learn about his condition. It will help him understand his needs better as well as help him in recovery. They should try and avoid stress, participate in social activities and indulge in hobbies. The patient should keep a track of his mood swings and watch out for the symptoms that have deleterious effects on their mood. Doing so would help them prepare better for adverse conditions. Maintaining a healthy schedule (healthy food habits, exercising, and proper sleep) can greatly influence the moods of a patient (Smith et al., 2009). References: Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, and Emery G. 1979. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, The Guilford Press Bhugra D. and Flick GR. 2005. Pathways to care for patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder 7; 236-245 Blaxter M, 1976. The meaning of disability. London. Heinemann. CABF (Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation), Educating the Child with Bipolar Disorder, 2007 Charmaz K. 1997. Good Days, Bad Days-Illness and Time. USA, Rutgers University Press de Avila-Pires FD. 2008. On the concept of disease. Revista de Historia Humanidades Medicas, Vol. 4, No. 1 Foucault M. 1972. Histoire de la folie à   là ¢ge classique, Paris, Gallimard Goffman E. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identities Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. 2005. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62(6):593-602.) Landy D. [Ed.], 1997. Culture, disease, and healing. Studies in medical anthropology. NewYork, Macmillan Macnair T. 2008. Bipolar disorder. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/bipolar1.shtml [Accessed on 12/01/20101] Nettleton S. 2006. The Sociology of Health and Illness; Cambridge, Polity Press NHS 2009. Bipolar disorder. Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Bipolar-disorder/Pages/Introduction.aspx [Accessed on 12/01/2010] Parson T. 1951. The Social System. New York, Free Press. Radley A. 1994. Making sense of illness. London, SAGE Publications  Ã‚   Rosen G. 1968   Madness in Society. Chapters in the historical sociology of mental illness, New York, Harper Row Saracci R.1997. The world health organisation needs to reconsider its definition of health BMJ1997;314:1409 Scambler G, 2004. A jigsaw model of health-related stigma, University College of London Scambler G. [Ed.] 2008, Sociology as applied to medicine. (6th ed.) Saunders, Elsevier Scheff T. 1979. Decision rules, types of error, and their consequences in medical diagnosis. In Albrecht G. and Higgins P. [Eds.] Health, Illness, and Medicine. A reader in medical sociology, Chicago, Rand McNally, pp. 313-326. Smith M, Segal J, and Segal R. 2009. Understanding bipolar disorder. Available at: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/bipolar_disorder_symptoms_treatment.htm [Accessed on 13/10/2010] Temple LK, McLeod R, Gallinger S, and Wright J. 2001. Defining disease in the genomics era. Science, Vol. 293, No. 5531, New York, pp. 807-808

Successes and Failures in Biotechnology Innovation Essay -- Business M

Successes and Failures in Biotechnology Innovation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I first started this paper I would have to admit that I was pretty green in the field of Biotechnology, I had a brief understanding but nothing near an in depth understanding of the field. So when I first started looking for a success story, I tied my views on successful innovation in the areas that I am familiar with to the biotech field. The major theme that emerged was that successful innovation equals a product that produces quality profits for a company. After further research on the success of innovation, you do realize that profits may be the end goal of the company but success stems from a total company wide effort, that may start many years before a single cent of profit is ever realized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion, you have to look at three major areas to see if a company successfully manages their innovation; at the company level, customer level, and the impact the innovation had on society. From the company viewpoint, you have to look at how well management set the company up to be innovators in a given market. Did they choose an industry that would provide the company potential for continuous growth? How did they utilize their employee base and acquire a strong base of knowledge to continually come up with new ideas in the area of interest they are trying to enter? In addition once a product is developed did they manage their intellectual property in the in a manner which provided themselves maximum protection? Finally you have to look at the end results of the innovation. Did they introduce an innovation that allowed the company revenue to grow, were they able to achieve a strong segment of market share, did this innovation have a positive effect on the co mpanies stock price, etc?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the prospective of the customer you have to look at if the innovation introduced by the company successfully met their needs. Would this product help them save time and money and improve their overall business? How did they manage the channels to which deliver their products to their customers? Your customer will ultimately impact your final sales figures, if they view the product as a benefit to them and if you can meet the needs that the customer has you can have your innovation viewed as a success.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally from the standpoint of how the companies innovation had an impact on society. Was... ...sequence can be felt. With the world population soaring you will continue to see the emergence of genetically engineered crops to continue and you will be able to see who the winners and losers are within that industry based on how they handle the introduction of their products. Works Cited Current Status of Starlink Corn. 3 Jun. 2002. Starlinkcorn.com. 2 Feb. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Estes, Lane. Economic Analysis of Roundup Ready Soybeans. Feb. 2002. 2 Feb. 2005. Geo-Pie Project. Am I eating Soy Beans. 16 Aug. 2004. Genetically Engineered Organisms. 2 Feb. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harl, Neil, Roger Ginder, Charles Hurburgh and Steve Moline. The Starlink Situation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 Oct. 2000. AG Biotech Info Net. 2 Feb. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harris, Andrew. GE Corn Pollution Spawns 30 Lawsuits. 18 Sept. 2002. Organicconsumers.org. 2 Feb. 2005. Monsanto Inc. Simply the Most Profitable Way to grow Soy Beans. Jan. 2005. Monsanto Inc. 2 Feb. 2005. Ruen, Jim. Biotech R&D Isn’t Just About Traits. Jan. 2005. Dealer and Applicator. 2 Feb. 2005. Starlink Corn. FSANZ. 2 Dec. 2004. Foodstandards.gov. 2 Feb, 2005. US 2000/01 Corn Exports Dented by Starlink. 10 Sept. 2001. Planetark.com. 2 Feb 2005.

Class Distinctio

Jane Austin critiques the way in which people put the importance of status to their actions, as we see the distinction between the gentry and trade being interwoven in her novels. In her essay on Class, Juliet Master remarks that, â€Å"Class difference was of course a fact of life for Austin, and an acute observation of the fine extinctions between one social level and another was a necessary part of her business as a writer of realistic fiction† (1 15).In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Collins instructs Elizabeth to dress simply, and not to try to copy the elegant attire of her high-standing hostess Lady Catherine as he says, â€Å"Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us which becomes herself and her daughter She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved† (138). The distinctions in class are not only to be present, but they also have to be seen. However, Jane Austin sets moral status against social status, and for her tutus has to be earned a nd not inherited.In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabethan first impression of Mr. Dairy's treatment of Victims, makes his moral standards to be not worthy of his standing in society. However, when she learns about his extensive responsibilities and goodness from his servant, her opinion of him changes as Mrs. Reynolds says, He is the best landlord, and the best master, that ever lived; not like the wild young men needlewoman's commendation bestowed on him by Mrs. Reynolds was no trifling nature. What praise is more valuable than praise of an intelligent servant? As a rather, a landlord. A master, she considered how many people's happiness were his guardianship! Ђ? How much pleasure or pain it was in his power to bestow!†¦ Every idea that had been brought forward by the housekeeper was favorable to his character. â€Å"—- Jane Student's characters constantly keep reminding each other of their social class in society. Dairy prides himself on being a gentleman with all the duties and obligations that his status entails in Pride and Prejudice. Caroline Bentley also keeps reminding him that he would be lowering himself by associating with the Bennett family s they are connected with trade. What she forgets is that the source of their family fortune on which their status is founded is trade.Emma is a rich woman who does not want to associate with the middle class in Emma. Janet Todd argues that, â€Å"Emma wants Highborn to remain as almost feudal, stationery through time, so that she will always be ‘paramount'. † (96) This suggests that social class is very important to her and this portrays the life of the aristocrats in Student's day who were opposed to change. Jane Austin questions just what it is that makes a true gentlemen or a lady. Social ann. must be part of it but intruding by the example of Lady Catherine. Her domineering superiority and sense of her own dignity is evident in all she says and does.Her unquestionable authority and right to control people's lives is evident when she confronts Elizabeth about her rumored engagement to Mr. Dairy as she says, â€Å"your alliance will be a disgrace; your name will never even be mentioned by any of us† (186). It is obvious that because of her status, she thinks that she can treat other people the way she wants. She thinks that Elizabeth is not fit to marry Mr. Dairy because they do to belong to the same social, class but her daughter does. In response to her confrontation, Elizabeth tells Lady Catherine that â€Å"Dairy is a gentleman; am a gentleman's daughter; so far We are equal† (186).However, Elizabeth is not dissuaded by Lady Catering's threats and status. Juliet Macerates remarks that, â€Å"so much suggests that for Austin there is nothing divine about royal ¶y', and not much that is special about peers. In fact characters with tittles – or ‘handles to their names' as the Victorians used to say – are seldom admirable in the novels† (1 16). Even though Lady Catherine holds a title, she is morally and intellectually not worthy. It is only the likes of Mr. Collins who want to climb up the social ladder who succumb to her every whim, as she enjoys Mr. Collision's flattery and his enthusiasm to give it.In an attempt to remain in her good books and to keep the company of the likes of Lady Catherine, Mr. Collins even knows how many windows Risings estate has. He reveals his self- importance in extraordinary long-winded speeches and ponderous attempts at social grace. Even though Lady Catherine thought of herself as Ewing superior, her tastes are offensive and pretentious. This is because she lacks inborn intelligence and breeding. Her attitudes and behavior offer an illuminating contrast to Mr. Dairy. Who does not wish to show off like other young men in his shoes.However, like his contemporaries, he despises the lower social class. This becomes evident when he advices Mr. Bentley to end his relatio nship with Jane. When Elizabeth accuses him that he had not behaved in a gentleman-like manner, he realizes how â€Å"selfish and overbearing' he has been. Through Elizabethan prompting, he learns that while status is important, true breeding is not dependent on rank. Here Jane Austin wants us to realist that, even though the gentry are from a higher class they are not different from the other classes. It is not superiority that makes one a Lady or a gentlemen but it is compassion.In Emma, Mr. Knightly is a true gentlemen because he does not pride himself on his rank. Unlike other status-conscious people of his rank, he walks instead of riding in his carriage. His carriage is only used to transport Miss Bates and Jane Fairfax. He manages his own estate and he does not look down upon other people as we e him in conversing with his tenant Robert Martin. In contrast in Sense and Sensibility, Mr. Dashboard, is deficient of the dedication that makes good curators and ethical aristocrats of Mr. Dairy and Mr. Knightly.Through class distinction, Jane Austin also draws attention to the unfairness of primogeniture, which unfairly privileges one family member to inherited the whole estate, instead of dividing it equally between siblings as would be the normal thing to do today. This allowed the first born son to inherit everything while others remained with nothing. This was done so as to preserve the state and the family name, because if the estate was to be divided then it would eventually come to an end.In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennett girls are to be turned out of Longhorn at the death oftener father, because the estate has to be inherited by a male relation who will keep it the family. Similarly in Sense and Sensibility, the Dashboard girls are made homeless because the old gentlemen Mr. Dashboard wants the family estate to go to a male heir who will pass it on to his sons. This then renders the female siblings to be inferior to their male siblings as Juliet Mas ter argues, â€Å"one might suppose that the filings in a single family would be almost by definition of the same rank.But even here there are marked differences in status, not only between sons and daughters , but also between one son and another' (119). Not only does Jane Austin condemn the unfairness of the inheritance system, but she also expresses disapproval of the significant difference in prestige between elder daughters and younger daughters. In Pride and Prejudice, we see Elizabeth saying, â€Å"l think it will be had very hard upon younger sisters, that they should not have their share of society and amusement because the elder ay not have means or inclination to marry early.The last born has as good a right to the pleasures Of youth as the first†¦.. During Jane Student's time, the eldest daughter was more prestigious than her younger sisters. Jane is called Miss â€Å"Bennett† while her sisters are addressed by their first names. The younger daughters could not be out in society before the eldest. While if the younger sister got married before the eldest, she also gained superiority over her elder sisters as we see Lydia saying to her eldest sister Jane, â€Å"ah!

Monte Carlo Recommendation Essays

Monte Carlo Recommendation Essays Monte Carlo Recommendation Essay Monte Carlo Recommendation Essay The Monte Carlo structure basically exhibits the total present value of tax paid and distress cost. The optimal interest coverage ratio, which is EBIT to interest expense, should be set to 4. 2 because this is where the firm can attain the minimum cost. In another word, the reason that is the most advantageous position is because the sum of tax paid and distress cost is the smallest among all other points. The downside is that Diageo will not be rated BBB instead of A due to the fall in interest coverage ratio from 5 to 4.2. The total debt is projected to be   9491 million. According to treasury groups recommend, the total capitalization will increase from 12,167 to   14,777 million4, which represents a 21% increase going forward. Debt to equity ratio will proliferate from 1. 3 to 1. 8. Book gearing will escalate to 64% and market gearing to 34%. Allied Domecq has book and market gearing of 88% and 29% respectively. They are still able to maintain a rating of A-. Since the rating for Diageo is going to decrease regardless, a higher market gearing understandable as they are now able to pay less tax and not withstanding a huge distress cost. Though the Monte Carlo model captured several important features of the dynamic capital structure, a number of features are still missing. In order to fully capture the dynamic nature of the capital structure, an ideal model has to be able to adjust to the optimal capital structure over time, which means the D/E ratio and interest coverage ratio should be reverting around the optimal level. The model developed by Diageos treasury group only incorporated half of this ideal feature: when the interest coverage ratio was too high, the company issued a special dividend to gear itself back to the targeted coverage range; however, there was no provision in the model for issuing equity to pay down debt when coverage fell, consequently no effort was taken to revert the coverage back to the target level. In addition, too many specifics of the financial distress costs were missing as the model only provided a simplification of the real world situation. For instance, court costs and agency costs were both hard to estimate and therefore were missing from the model. Moreover, instead of assuming a likelihood of bankruptcy, the model attempted to estimate the costs of financial distress as a one-time permanent 20% reduction in firm value when the EBIT was less than the interest. The motivation was from the research paper Designing Capital Structure to Create Shareholder Value by T. Opler, M. Saron, and S. Titman, as they showed highly levered firms lost an additional 7% of market value during industry downturns relative to the average firm. However, there was no justification for using a 20% reduction. In addition, the model did not consider the affect that company will be going through major changes in the next 2-3 years, such as acquisition of potential beverage companies and selling off Burger King. These deals would probably result a substantial change on Diageos capital structure. Lastly, Monte Carlo model was not able to capture the dynamics of the market condition over time. For the model to be more efficient, it has to be adjusted constantly to reflect the current situation of the market condition. Pillsbury and Burger King Strategically, if a company is running a set of businesses, in order to achieve the optimal profit margin it would either choose to go full-scale or to be a niche. In Diageos case, food business is as a middle segment of the pack, therefore demerger Pillsbury and Burger King would allow Diageo to focus on beverage alcohol business. Concentrated business would make it more feasible for growth through innovation around unrivalled portfolio of brands and providing an improved base for later sustained profitable top line growth. Pillsbury, which contributed a quarter of Diageos operating profits, was too small to prosper on its own and at the same time its core business Old EI Paso Mexican was under a fierce competition in American market. Therefore by selling Pillsbury to its rival General Mills, the Pillsbury could have greater potential for cost synergies. Since Diageo still owns 33% of the new General Mills/Pillsbury business, the cost synergies would also benefit Diageo as a shareholder. Burger King, which resembles the smallest part of operating profit, is also the fastest-growing segment of Diageo which might enjoy a higher rating than Diageo itself since it is in the fast food industry. Therefore from a long term perspective, the demerger of Pillsbury and Burger King would provide more capital for further expansion. There was a remarkable performance of the core business in Diageo: the alcoholic beverages-Spirits and Wine segment and Guinness Brewing segment both revealed to experience increase in the market share. The profits attained from those two segments accounted for half of Diageos operating profits during 2000. In addition, concentrating solely on its core business would allow Diageo to enjoy marketing synergies, production and purchasing efficiencies. These benefits could arise from cost saving in manufacturing, procurement and supply; the savings could also pass through distribution system and have enhanced ability to reach consumers. As the case indicates, Diageo was in the process of integrating its two core businesses, which might result in cost reductions of i 130 million annually. Moreover, by concentrating on beverage alcohol business, Diageo is able to capture more cost synergies when acquiring rival firms. Lastly, concentration also reduced the chance for the sub-companies under Diageos alcohol beverage category to become the potential acquisition targets of its rival companies.

Comparing Snow White and Shrek Essay Example

Comparing Snow White and Shrek Essay Example Comparing Snow White and Shrek Paper Comparing Snow White and Shrek Paper In this essay I am going to look at Snow White as the first feature length animated film and what impact its production had on its audience. I will later on compare it to Shrek an animated film produced over two generations later. To help me do this, I will look into the background of Snow White and what led to its production. I will start by looking at how and when it was produced. Snow White was produced in the 1930s by Walt Disney, and first premiered in 1937, while America was trying to recover from The Great Depression. The great depression had left many people unemployed and millions of them were miserable. Disney aimed for the film to appeal to all sorts of audiences. The Young and the old. The release of Snow White was a way of raising the morale of the American people who sacrificed the little money they had to go and see the film. Disney used songs like someday my prince will come and heigh-ho heigh-ho to cheer the audience up. Therefore, Snow White was made as a feel good factor for the people of America. The film was based on the story by the Brothers Grimm. Normally, the Grimm tales are notoriously dark and unpleasant but Walt Disney, the producer, decided to change the story line to make it more appealing to the audience. This way, the story would appeal to both adults and children. The production of Snow White cost about i 1. 75million but brought out a grand total of i 4. 2million. It was a great risk for Disney to take and if it hadnt been successful would have cost him his entire studio. Disney managed to capture the attention of his folly blind audience, as they were called, by producing thousands of individual sketches which gave the tiniest bits of detail. The death scene as well brought out a lot of emotions in the audience and tears in peoples eyes. Dream Works made Shrek in 2001, over two generations later. It was a direct parody of Snow White and other fairy tales like Sleeping Beauty (when Fiona wishes to be kissed by a handsome prince) and Peter Pan (when Donkey flies and a voice of Peter Pan is heard). It came from a childrens illustrated book by William Steig. Unlike Snow White, the characters in Shrek do no sing in a magical style but instead carefully chosen sound tracks are used to match the different moods of the scenes. The sound tracks also reflect the popular musical taste of time. The songs are a range of a number of American grunge. Challenging and mocking as it may be to Disney, Shrek like Snow White is a feel good film although it debunks the gentility of tradition fairy tales. Snow White begins with Once upon a time. It starts a long shot of the country and the castle, then zooms in to reveal the Queen dressed in black and purple. The audience first sees the back of the Queen to make her more mysterious. Only the crown on her head shows she is a Queen. The colour of her clothes, her pale complexion, dark eyes and very red lips show that she is an evil person. When she speaks to the mirror, her accent is slightly German and in the 1930s, the Americans did not trust the Germans. This was a deliberate way to make her seem evil and let the audience know she is an enemy towards Snow White. The mirror, whos voice seems to echo from somewhere within, hell perhaps, seems to feel sorry for Snow White when it mentions her name: Alas my fair lady. The Queen however disrespects the mirror because he/she is a slave. Her voice is loud and sharp, which makes her, appear bossy. She moves swiftly, superstitiously with long strides, which make her look dominant and overbearing. When the mirror mentions Snow White, her cat shaped eyes narrow and she hoarsely repeats it to show a malicious intent toward her. It is at this point that a dissolved shot introduces us to Snow White. Shrek on the other hand has a very different opening. The audience is shown a book with calligraphy writing, which is narrated sarcastically by Shrek himself. After six pages, a voice shouts Like its ever gonna happen, at this point, a page is torn and opening shot comes. A hut is shown and Shrek continues, What a lot of ****. Just the opening scene shows it is a comedy aimed for everyone. Like the Queen in Snow White, Shrek is shown at a low angle shot to make him look more menacing. In contrast to Snow White, Shrek is different from a traditional type of hero. He uses the page torn out of the storybook, and holds it in content. He baths in muddy water unlike any traditional hero who is portrayed as clean. He breaks wind and kills fish, one of which floats to the surface. He has a gross mannerism and the signs next to his home says: keep out, Ogre beware. Shrek is portrayed as a vicious large Ogre who is anti-social who roars and scares people with his smelly mouth. He doesnt want people around and he scares them. On the other hand however, he is shown as a private but friendly character. His privacy is a defence mechanism because he thinks people dont like him. He does it to make them think he doesnt like them either. He judges people before they get to know him just like they judge him. We can see he is not as unfriendly as earlier made to look when he has a love -hate relationship with the streetwise donkey who later became his friend. The donkey is instantly loved by the audience because of its chatter. He is not intimidated by Shreks size or the fact that he comes across as scary. He compliments Shrek by saying: I respect you Shrek, youve got that I-dont-care-what-nobody-thinks attitude and I like that. Snow White on the other hand is everything like a fairy tale princess. She is very cheerful and unaware of what happens around her. She is dressed in white, a great contrast to the Queens clothes. Her high pitched voice and wide eyes represent her innocence. Her small and delicate body highlights her youth purity. Her innocent, childlike behaviour makes people associate her with themselves. The well echos her song as she sings: my prince will come. She plays with doves, a symbol of purity, and runs away from the prince in embarrassment. She sends a dove to go and kiss him because she is too modest to do it herself. Even when the prince tries to entice her, she hides behind the curtains. In a dissolved shot, the camera zooms in to show her purity. He camera tilts upwards to reveal the Queen with an evil expression on her face. Mise-en-scene, all the animals like Snow White and play with her and it shows that she is a real princess. She is gentle, shy and modest, unlike Princess Fiona in Shrek. Princess Fiona in Shrek reacted oppositely when attacked. She hits and kicks Shrek the first time they meet. She also kills a bird at one point. Snow White is pretty too unlike Princess Fiona who turns into an Ogre. This also shows the difference between the two films. We can see the two films have different characters and certainly different heroes. While both are feel good films and are targeted for all audiences, they show different humour and reflect the different times of their production. This can be seen in the language the mirror in Snow White uses which is very out dated and humour used by the donkey in Shrek. We see that the music taste has changed as well since the production of Snow White, but also that technology has improved since then. For the production of Shrek, latest technology was used to create a lot of extras, which include life-like and realistic appearances like facial expressions, background, clothing etc. In the making of Snow White however, most of the details had to be sketched out because the technology had not advanced as much.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International business - Essay Example Globalization on the other hand is also associated with different businesses and financial risks. Globalization in context to Western Australia is no different from the rest of the world. It can have varied effects on different economies in the world. Various forces like investors, borrowers, financial institutions, etc. are affecting increased levels of financial globalization (Schmukler, Zoido, & Halac, n.d., p.1). Globalization describes the spread and interconnectivities of new advanced technologies, communication systems and production all over the world (Smith, & Doyle, 2002). Various benefits to citizens of a country as a result of globalization includes admittance to increased varieties of products and services at lower costs, increased number of job opportunities, higher standard of living, etc (International Monetary Fund, February 2008). Globalization and its impact on Western Australia in terms of job opportunity, economic growth, concerns and factor will be discussed in an illustrated manner to have an overview as how Western Australia has dealt with globalization and its effects. ... The political factors represent the current political stability of a country. It includes the factors such as political changes, tax policies, changes in the restriction of trades, tariffs and the stability of the government. In the context to West Australia the government is very much stable. The government follows federal system. The tax policies as well as the tariff structures are well structured. Western Australia in over 50 year has shown relative growth in terms of output and employment. The share of employment and output of share crossed the 30% mark in recent times (Graph 1). Population has played a major role in the growth of output in various industries in Western Australia (Graph 2). Immigration is the reason behind population growth which has vastly contributed to the industrial growth in this part of Australia (Collony, & Lewis, 2010). Graph 1 (Source: Collony, & Lewis, 2010) Graph 2 (Source: Collony, & Lewis, 2010) The trade policies of Western Australia and more speci fically Australia have been to focus on international markets. Western Australia initiated the need for globalization for its domestic industries as well as import of products from low-wage countries was in the agenda of the government. The main focus in context to structural reform is related to the building of competitive market for the private sector industry in domestic as well as global market. Globalization had a great impact on Australia’s trade which includes Western Australia as well. The globalization has made considerable growth in industries like manufacturing and service industry while rural sector has been affected (Graph 3). Graph 3 (Source: RBA, May 2012 a) The financial climate Globalization has established many new components into the financial market of

Student Loan Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Student Loan Crisis - Essay Example Student loans have become the main source of indebtedness in America. Notably, the U.S government is not doing much in ensuring that students get their degree from college without struggling so much. Personally, I think it is the government’s responsibility to ensure that every American child has an easy access to quality education and this should extends to higher learning. The government should forgive students loans because Americans have a right to achieve their dreams. This paper presents an argument that the U.S government should do more to relieve the student loan burden. Arguably, the U.S government needs to cover tuition payments for students or make higher education free. It should set rules and establish unbreakable laws that enable individuals to obtain the college education. This is necessary because offering free education for students without appropriate conditions will facilitate the emergence of careless generation. That is, if college education is free, there should be fully implemented laws that make it difficult to get college education. For instance, when applying for any major in the University of Kuwait, GPA must be more than 2.50. More so, when applying for government scholarship, GPA above 3.00 is needed. Apart from these strict rules, there is a warning for students in the scholarship program if they get GPA below 2.00, and after getting many warnings during college, the student is suspended and must pay the government all the college costs. Indeed, such rules motivate the students to study harder and try their best to graduate suc cessfully so as to avoid the consequences of these rules. Therefore, the U.S government should establish rules that ensure that students take their studies serious. Moreover, the government should give students free interest loans to enable them overcome struggles they face during loan repayment.  That is, it should help American students to get loans to pay their tuition fees with no benefits. This will make it easier for college graduates to pay back their loan and escape the loan burden. After college, it is very hard to get a good paying job immediately they finish college as most of them are graduating from college into the worst jobs and they have records of student debt, and this makes it hard for them to pay their debts in a shorter time (Jackson).  

Stock Market efficiency & Company valuation Essay

Stock Market efficiency & Company valuation - Essay Example A fundamental feature of this analysis is the assessments on Majestic Wine plc, which is the foremost mixed case wine retailer in the UK. The company is quoted on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange, which aims to assist companies that are operating on a smaller scale in meeting their requirements of capital for the purposes of expansion (London Stock Exchange 2013a). The categories of analysis for Majestic Wine plc are based on a range of distinct evaluations, which shall assess the share price movements and information flows to the market for the company and also conduct a comprehensive appraisal of the market price of the company’s shares, in accordance with the value assessments methods that are understood to be standard procedures in company valuation. The Significance of the Efficient-Market Hypothesis (EMH) According to Buckle and Thompson (2004, p174) the practical significance of the hypothesis regarding efficient markets is a notion w hich cannot be ignored. The application of this hypothesis postulates that the stock market’s agreement with its observations can lead to a situation where predicting changes in share prices are no longer considered to be viable as the market prices are an exact representation of each and every data or information that is present (Buckle and Thompson, 2004, p174). The classifications of features that can assist in the development of a well-informed discussion regarding stock market efficiency are based on the categories of return predictability, event studies and private information. Buckle and Thompson (2004, p175) understand that assessing these concepts with respect to the London Stock Exchange can uncover whether its functioning is efficient or not. Theoretical Implications of EMH and the Random Walk Model Barnes (2012, p46) highlights the theoretical implications of stock market efficiency which is essentially a system where an informational efficient market is said to b e the cause of allocative efficiency. Accordingly, the basis of this efficiency is examined on three forms that were developed by Eugene Fama and were termed as weak, semi-strong and strong (Barnes 2012, p46). According to Barnes (2012, p46) the weak form is described as a situation in which any new information regarding a company is represented by movements in the new price on an immediate basis, henceforth; this notion follows the ideology which states that new share movements cannot be determined through movements in old share prices. Analysts term this phenomenon as the ‘random walk’. While, several examinations on UK Stock market have aimed to establish its efficiency, numerous competing literatures have uncovered evidences which invalidate these claims. Dimson and Mussavian (1998, p92; 2000, p9) understand that the findings of numerous studies which report the presence of anomalies is indicative of features which oppose the principal of market efficiency. Research es which have pointed towards the occurrences of such characteristics that are largely inconsistent with economic ideologies aim to comprehend the trends in pricing efficiency within stock markets. A piece of empirical evidence which represents the phenomenon of the ‘random walk’ and the presence of its corresponding concept which is known as the ‘weak-form efficiency’ with respect to t

Water Pollution Essay Example for Free

Water Pollution Essay Water pollution refers to the contamination of water sources with harmful materials such as sediments, organic wastes, minerals, thermal pollutants, nutrients, toxic chemicals as well as other hazardous compounds. Water pollution makes water not to be safe for cooking, drinking, farming and fishing (Sharma, 2009). 2. Where does this pollution come from? The primary sources of water pollution include agricultural, municipal and industrial wastes. The municipalities, industries and agricultural sectors increasingly discharge harmful compounds into water sources thus contributing to water pollution. These toxic compounds end up in lakes and deprive aquatic organisms of the oxygen which is critical for their survival. Human activities such as mining also contribute to water pollution. Mineral elements such as chromium, copper, iron, nickel, platinum, tin and zinc are released into water sources during mining (Sharma, 2009). 3. What impacts can it have on wildlife and overall water quality? Since the organic wastes need oxygen for decomposition, the aquatic wildlife is endangered. The phytoplankton population which forms the primary sources of food for aquatic animals is greatly deprived of oxygen which they use in photosynthesis. The decreased levels of phytoplankton will imply a reduced number of wildlife in water. Excessive amounts of elements released into water sources during mining such as platinum and chromium inhibit sunlight penetration that also reduces the photosynthetic capacity of phytoplankton. The important quality of water such as the allowance of light penetration is therefore reduced significantly with pollution (Sharma, 2009). 4. What impacts can it have on human health? Water pollution impacts human health by causing diseases such as bilharzias, cholera and dysentery because dirty water hosts the water pathogens causing these diseases. The mineral elements deposited to water sources especially the heavy metals such mercury can have serious health impact among developing children. The cognitive development process is delayed with mercury poisoning. Other water pollutants such as chlorinated dioxins and furans are highly carcinogenic (Sharma, 2009). 5. What are ways to decrease the amount or impact? Water pollution can be reduced through encouraging individuals to be responsible while handling water and treating sewage. Water pollution regulations such as common-law principles, federal and state statutes and administrative rules are some of the ways in which the impact of water pollution can be reduces. The offenders who go against the law should be prosecuted and this will reduce the incidences of water pollution (Sharma, 2009). Reference: Sharma, P. D (2009). Fundamentals of our environment, its problems and control measures. Retrieved July 20, 2010 from http://knol. google. com/k/fundamentals-of-our- environmentalpollutions#%2828%29E%2829%29_Water_pollution_and_its_prev ention_and_control%283A%29